Understanding Arthritis: What Are the Different Types?

Arthritis is a word that gets thrown around a lot, but how much do you really know about it? If you’ve been experiencing joint pain, stiffness, or swelling and wondering if it might be arthritis, you’re not alone. As an Osteopath, I’ve worked with countless people managing arthritis, and I’m here to explain the basics, debunk some myths, and guide you on what to do next.

What Is Arthritis?

Arthritis isn’t a single condition—it’s an umbrella term for over 100 different joint disorders that can affect people of all ages. Yes, all ages! While arthritis is more common in older adults, it can also affect children and young adults. At its core, arthritis involves inflammation in one or more joints, which can lead to pain, stiffness, and difficulty with movement.

Let’s explore the two most common types of arthritis: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis:

1. Osteoarthritis: The Wear-and-Tear Arthritis

• What is it?
  Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis and is often referred to as “wear-and-tear” arthritis. It happens when the cartilage—the cushioning tissue between your bones—breaks down over time, causing bones to rub against each other. This can lead to pain, stiffness, and sometimes a grating sensation when you move the joint.

• Who gets it?
  OA is often associated with ageing, but it’s not just a condition for the elderly. Factors like previous joint injuries, being overweight, or repetitive stress on a joint (think heavy lifting or long-distance running) can increase your risk, even in younger people.

• Possible symptoms:

  • Pain and stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity.

  • Swelling in the affected joint.

  • Reduced range of motion.

  • Joint deformity in advanced cases.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Immune System Misfire

• What is it?
  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition where your immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of your joints (the synovium). This causes inflammation, which can damage not just your joints but also other parts of your body, like the skin, eyes, and heart.

• Who gets it?
  RA can affect anyone, but it’s more common in women and often develops between the ages of 30 and 60. Genetics and lifestyle factors, like smoking, can increase your risk.

• Symptoms:

  • Swollen, tender joints (often in the hands, wrists, and neck).

  • Stiffness, particularly in the morning or after resting.

  • Fatigue, fever, and a general feeling of being unwell.

  • Symmetrical symptoms (if one hand is affected, the other often is too).

Other Types of Arthritis: Beyond OA and RA

Arthritis isn’t just osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis—there are many lesser-known types that can cause joint pain and inflammation. Here’s a quick rundown:

Gout: The Sudden Pain Attacker

A build up of uric acid forms crystals in the joints, leading to intense pain, redness, and swelling—often in the big toe. Linked to diet, alcohol, and genetics, it comes in flare-ups that can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes.

Psoriatic Arthritis: When Skin Meets Joint Pain

Affecting people with psoriasis, this type causes joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and nail changes. It can affect any joint and sometimes the spine. Early treatment helps prevent lasting damage.

Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Spine Stiffener

A type of arthritis that mainly affects the spine, causing stiffness and pain, particularly in the lower back. Over time, it can lead to reduced mobility if untreated.

Reactive Arthritis: Triggered by Infection

Develops after an infection, often affecting joints, eyes, and the urinary system. Symptoms can improve with time but may require treatment for inflammation.

Lupus-Related Arthritis: More Than Joint Pain

Lupus, an autoimmune disease, can cause arthritis-like symptoms alongside skin rashes, fatigue, and organ involvement.

Arthritis Has Many Faces

With over 100 types, arthritis isn’t one-size-fits-all. If you have persistent joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, speak to a healthcare professional. Early management is key to staying active and pain-free.

What Should You Do If You Think You Have A Form Of Arthritis?

If you’re experiencing symptoms like joint pain, swelling, or stiffness, it’s important to seek advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a huge difference in managing arthritis and preventing further joint damage.

At Body Zest, we offer a range of support and treatments for people living with arthritis. Firstly, we can help to diagnose the type of arthritis and give you the correct advice for onward referral. Regarding treatment, we take a holistic approach to care, focusing on improving joint mobility, reducing pain, building strength and enhancing overall quality of life. We recommend lifestyle changes and exercises.

Take the First Step Toward Relief

Arthritis doesn’t have to hold you back. Whether you’re looking for pain relief, improved mobility, or simply a better understanding of your condition, we’re here to help. Book an appointment at Body Zest today to discuss personalised care for managing your arthritis symptoms.

Let’s work together to keep you moving, feeling, and living your best life!

Ready to take control of your joint health? Click here to book your consultation or give us a call today. We’re here to help you every step of the way.